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JAK-STAT信号通路是细胞因子介导的重要细胞内信号转导途径，参与调控细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和免疫应答等过程。当细胞因子与受体结合后，受体结合的JAKs发生自磷酸化并激活，进而磷酸化受体胞内段的酪氨酸残基，为STAT提供锚定位点。STAT被招募并磷酸化后形成二聚体，转位至细胞核内，结合特定DNA序列调控靶基因表达。该通路受SOCS、PTPs、PIAS等负调控蛋白的精细调节。JAK-STAT异常活化与肿瘤、免疫缺陷病、自身免疫与炎症疾病密切相关[1,2]。
图1. JAK-STAT 信号通路的经典激活与负调控[2] [1] Philips, Rachael L., et al. The JAK-STAT Pathway at 30: Much Learned, Much More to Do. Cell, vol. 185, no. 19, 2022, pp. 3857–3876. [2] Xue, Chen, et al. Evolving Cognition of the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway: Autoimmune Disorders and Cancer. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023, p. 204.
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